Isovalerylglycine (IVG) is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation.

Pantolactone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma-butyrolactones. gamma-Butyrolactones are compounds containing a gamma-butyrolactone moiety which consists of an aliphatic five-member ring with four carbon atoms one oxygen atom and bears a ketone group on the carbon adjacent to the oxygen atom.

cephalandole B, an indole alkaloid isolated from cyanide, significantly inhibited IL-17A gene expression and suppressed IL-17A luciferase reporter in Jukat cells in a dose-dependent manner.